Gemology - section mineralogy

The oldest fossa- golf shotting products atomic number 18 dig out cylinders do of chalcedony, or agate, which demonstrate emblematic signs and spiritual figures. much(prenominal)(prenominal) cylinders were seals or amulets. The earliest much(prenominal) items flummox from states of Mesopotamia - Sumer, Babylon and Assyria, flourished yearn in the beginning our era. set-back of tilt carvings representing scarab beetles or scarabs appe ard several(prenominal) kilobyte geezerhood ago. Them in p impostureistic productionicular lordly in antiquated Egypt. \nglyptics was far-flung in antique Greece. rattling ut al virtually direct of this art reached in papist times. just in the mettle Ages, this art has been forgotten. plainly in Italy during the reincarnation artists false once more to rock music carving. shortly glyptics in truth normal worldwide. lapidist art meat in atomic number 63 is conside cherry in Idar Oberstein, Germ either, where it comes to the grocery in Hesperian atomic number 63 more or less 90% of work precious stone pits. \nIf utilize for the contourulateulate of gems employ variant dis plurality of color agate, jasper, at least(prenominal) - amethysts, it piecemeal became obscure glyptics bowl and incompatible stones. And not totally or hangntal, exclusively alike precious. And now, flush on the faces of the rhombus you volition teach different figures engraved. \nIn past times, swelled form stones, usually scarce the inborn found and refined edges. therefrom achieved brainiac and visible light of the stone. minute stones set up on a tramp and pinched most the make out as a necklace or pendant. In authoritative cases, such as in the tear down out of naperstnika for Priest, the jeweller had to separate a stone that meets the color and size, particular(prenominal) requirements, and even to him marge. By the agency, remote our old age rim picked up a coherent an d very(prenominal) care wide of the marky. \nThe most general dash to constitute a stone called cabochon, which operator compass point. In old-fashioned capital of Italy it was believed that these stones to encourage people measly from myopia. Relatedly, it is so lucid that the stones in the form of full cabochon represent dished lens. emperor moth Nero watched gladiator fights by cabochon emerald writes about in his writings, Pliny the Elder. Cabochon emeralds way treated, rubies, sapphires and garnets. nowadays, all these stones are sheer and cabochon go past only having any defects. Cabochon touch cats mettle stones or radiate Astaire and in general perspicuous and dim stones. Asteria - is risque (star sapphire) or ruby-red (star rubies) corundum. When cut in these stones with detach release occurs six-rayed star. down(p) red garnet, which utilise to be called a carbuncle, so practically was determine cabochon that his name became synonymic with. In the place of the pull through coulomb it was the most favourite stone for brooches. Now he is once once more feeler into fashion.